It needs new weapon systems to defeat the rapidly advancing TPLF-backed insurgents. [200] He also stated there was a "massive build up of forces on all fronts. By supporting the war on Tigray, it might be hoping to get the support of Abiy and Isaias for its internal centralization project. [111] The terms of federal and regional lawmakers, as well as the executive branch, were then extended by federal parliament beyond the October 2020 constitutional mandates. The Oromo and the Amhara felt that they were being, by the Tigray minority under the rule of a TPLF-dominated coalition, which funelled a large share of national resources into the Tigray region. To this day it is the only region in Ethiopia where no credible opposition discourse is tolerated. [383][384] By December 2021, the Committee to Protect Journalists described both Ethiopia and Eritrea as the worst "jailers of journalists" in sub-Saharan Africa. But activists are spreading the news", "From Basma to Ethiopia How C2FC is Using Lethal Journalism to Conduct Information Warfare and Lawfare against Ethiopia", "Ethiopia: Diaspora Community to Debunk Fake News Using Mainstream Media", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Fact-checking misleading images", "These old images do not show recent protests in Ethiopia's Tigray region", "Facebook 'lets vigilantes in Ethiopia incite ethnic killing', "Facebook is under new scrutiny for it's [sic] role in Ethiopia's conflict", "Facebook knew it was being used to incite violence in Ethiopia. Article 62.9 grants the House of Federation the right to "order Federal intervention if any State [government], in violation of [the] Constitution, endangers the constitutional order. [250] On 2 October, the TPLF announced it had withdrawn troops from Amhara's North Wollo Zone, including Kobo, to be redeployed north to reinforce lines under heavy Eritrean attack but warned it would return if their southern border is threatened. Beginning to December 2020. [224][225] Following these developments, the ENDF stated that it would not advance any deeper into the Tigray region. Privacy Policy Agreement * I agree to the Terms of use and Privacy Policy. Allegations emerged that the Tigray were smuggling in weapons, leading to the Ethiopian Air Force shooting down a plane, claiming it was carrying weapons for the TPLF; meanwhile, the government was accused of indiscriminate air bombardments on civilian targets. [345], On 31 August 2021, USAID's mission director in Ethiopia, Sean Jones said: "We do have proof that several of our warehouses have been looted and completely emptied in the areas, particularly in Amhara, where TPLF soldiers have gone into, I do believe that the TPLF has been very opportunistic," in a televised interview with state broadcaster EBC in Addis Ababa. [145] The Tigray government claimed these locations contained military terminals that served as bases to carry out airstrikes. [65] Rapid mobilization of troops soon followed, with Ethiopia, Eritrea and Tigray reportedly organizing hundreds of thousands of troops against each other by October the same year. [371] Pro-government groups used tactics similar to those of pro-Tigray groups to push their narrative of the conflict, though as of 5 February, pro-government campaigns had produced fewer Tweets overall. [102][103] The TPLF, which had long dominated Ethiopian politics, refused to join this new party. [144] On 14 November, Tigray forces launched rockets at the Eritrean capital of Asmara, but the missiles missed. [132] Ethiopian offensives in the north were accompanied with airstrikes and several towns and cities were retaken. Resentment has festered futher under current Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, who is himself an Oromo. [184] Following the TDF's rapid advances, Abiy threatened to resume war with Tigray and crush the rebels, raising fears of genocide. [326][327][328], After being subjected to sexual violence, many women become infected with STIs like HIV, who face difficulty getting treatment due to a sense of shame, as well as the collapse of medical infrastructure caused by the war. Obamas legacy is painted as a rosy, revolutionary and absolutely utopic one by the American mainstream media. Fighters from the northern region have been locked in a brutal war with government forces since last year. [346], By the summer of 2022, the government blockade of essential services to Tigray was still in place, and the humanitarian situation remained severe, with roughly 13 million people being in need of food aid. [109][266] Hopes that these talks could definitively stop the war, however, remained low, as fighting did not appear to slow down, and Ethiopia vocalized their distrust about the peace process. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. [51][52], The government and the TPLF formally agreed to a cessation of hostilities and systematic, verifiable disarmament (2 November 2022)[21][22] [23], Exact casualty figures are disputed Therefore, Arab nations and Iran want to shore up their influence in Ethiopia in order to gain an advantage in the conflict-ridden nation. According to the Voice of America, several sources with direct knowledge of the program, including three Somali officials and a foreign diplomat, confirmed to them that Somali troops have been training in neighbouring Eritrea. [171][53] This resulted in the TDF growing in strength and the concept of secession from Ethiopia gaining popularity in Tigray, a stance which was considered likely to inflame Amhara-Tigray territorial disputes. [252], On 10 October, the TPLF claimed that Eritrea was escalating its offensive, sending more forces towards Rama, Tserona, and Zalambessa in the far north, with one aid worker saying it is the heaviest fighting since hostilities resumed. A Sudanese soldier later claimed that Ethiopian forces had launched artillery attacks on them and intruded into the Jebel al-Teyyour area, located 7 kilometres inside Sudan. [154], According to a report by Ghent University, massacres of civilians continued into March, including around 250 in Humera over the course of three days by unconfirmed perpetrators, and 13 in Grizana by the EDF. The conflict in Tigray has cast a pall over Abiy's presidency, in the wake of his 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for domestic reform and forging peace with neighboring Eritrea. [207] On the same day, the Amhara regional government declared a state of emergency, which included a region-wide curfew. A number of outstanding issues in particular, the presence of pro-government troops in Tigray's Western Zone and restoring access to basic public service to Tigray were topics of discussion throughout. The federal government had warned of "no mercy" if Tigray forces and residents remained intermingled. [285] On 19 January 2021, the Somali government denied the claim that Somali troops had trained in Eritrea and then deployed in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. Vishal Tiwari The Ethiopian army chief has accused the World Health Organisation (WHO) Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus of supporting the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF), Tigray state's dominant political party which is fighting the federal troops. [259][260] Ethiopian forces then took Alamata and Korem in the south. In early 2018, after severalyears of frequent anti-government protests from different ethnic groups had seriously damaged the legitimacy of the. The Tigray War[b] was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020[a] to 3 November 2022. [249] On September 27, an airstrike allegedly carried out by Eritrea struck the northern town of Adi Dairo while it was celebrating Meskel, killing at least six civilians and injured 19 more. [105], The 1995 Constitution of Ethiopia states in Article 39.1, "Every Nation, Nationality, and People in Ethiopia has an unconditional right to self-determination, including the right to secession." [204][205] A humanitarian worker citing witnesses said the EDF were fighting the TDF in Berhale, a town in Afar 71 kilometres (44mi) northeast of Mekelle. "Tigray has handed over its heavy weapons as part of its commitment to implementing the #Pretoria agreement" that was signed between Ethiopia's government and Tigrayan rebels, Tigray People's. [64] However, fighting dramatically re-escalated in late August 2022, after peace talks broke down. [298][299][300][301] According to the EU's special envoy to Ethiopia, Pekka Haavisto, senior members of the Ethiopian government called for "wip[ing] out" all Tigrayans for 100 years. The megadam to be built on the Blue Nile River, which originates in Ethiopia, has been a point of controversy between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. [367], Claire Wilmot, writing in The Washington Post, found that a significant number of new, single-issue Twitter accounts were opened in the immediate aftermath of the Northern Command attacks. [182] A TDF offensive starting on 12 July resulted in Tigrayan forces capturing southern Tigray, including the towns of Alamata and Korem. The UAE is also allegedly supplying drones to Ethiopia. [194] On 11 August, the TDF and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) announced an alliance to overthrow Abiy Ahmed's government, saying they were also in talks with other rebel groups to establish a "grand coalition. The US has abandoned Ethiopia. [30] After a number of peace and mediation proposals in the intervening years, Ethiopia and the Tigrayan rebel forces agreed to a cessation of hostilities on 2 November, which went into effect the day after;[50] Eritrea was not a party to the agreement, however, and their status has remained unclear. [30], Many sources have accused the Ethiopian and Eritrean governments of engaging in crimes against humanity via ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans. They know what he intends to do and they will not let it happen. Such clear support from Russia and the UAE is allowing Ethiopian troops to make rapid advances against the Tigray fighters. The UAE hasnt revealed what the cargo flights carry, but it is believed that they are being used to transport military equipment to Ethiopia. The Tigray fighters might have the upper hand, but capturing Addis Ababa will not be easy. Ethnically based massacres are also increasing. [276][277][278], Since the war began, both regional and international powers have been actively involved in the conflict. [156] The Tigray Defense Forces were engaged in a war of attrition with popular support from the people of Tigray, who were infuriated by war crimes committed by Eritrean and Ethiopian soldiers and worried about a potential decrease in the region's autonomy. ", "Expert: No Evidence UAE Drones Are Being Used in Ethiopia's Tigray Conflict", "Somali troops committed atrocities in Tigray as new alliance emerged, survivors say", "Ethiopia Denies Somalia Forces Involved in Fighting in Tigray", "Somalia denies claims its soldiers killed in Tigray war helping ENDF", "Somalia rejects claims hundreds of its soldiers died fighting in Tigray", "Somalia denies involvement in Ethiopia conflict", "Ex-spy chief claims hundreds of Somali soldiers killed in Tigray region", "Destruction in Ethiopia's Tigray Region", "Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Report says war crimes may have been committed", "Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Why the rest of the world is worried", "At scene of Ethiopia's new killings, some fight, some flee", "Ethiopia's War Leads to Ethnic Cleansing in Tigray Region, U.S. Report Says", "Blinken: Acts of 'ethnic cleansing' committed in Western Tigray", "US congressman Michael McCaul raises spectre of 'genocide' in Tigray", "Tigray crisis: 'Genocidal war' waged in Ethiopia region, says ex-leader", "Ethiopian patriarch pleads for international help to stop rape and genocide by government troops", "Ethiopia Tigray crisis: Warnings of genocide and famine", "Ethiopian leaders said they would 'wipe out' Tigrayans: EU envoy", "EU envoy: Ethiopian leadership vowed to 'wipe out' Tigrayans", "Ethiopia vowed to wipe out Tigrayan people "for 100 years," EU official says", "Ethiopia rejects U.S. allegations of ethnic cleansing in Tigray", "Ethiopia Airlines accused of ethnic profiling over civil war with Tigray", "Ethnic profiling of Tigrayans heightens tensions in Ethiopia", "Ethiopian police seeking lists of ethnic Tigrayans U.N. report", "Tigrayans 'profiled' in Ethiopia crackdown", "Ethiopia: Ethnic Tigrayans Forcibly Disappeared", "Exclusive: Ethiopia says disarms Tigrayan peacekeepers in Somalia over security", "U.N. [358] By March 2021, Shire had become a major centre for internally displaced people and humanitarian aid distribution. World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus has been accused of supporting Tigray rebels TPLF in Ethiopia. [286][287], Former head of the Somali National Intelligence and Security Agency, Abdilsalan Guld,[288] claimed that Somali troops were sent to Tigray. The report noted that before the war began, Somali forces under the leadership of the Eritrean Army had been stationed in trenches along the border. Once Obamas deputy, President Biden wants to continue this legacy, this time in the horn of Africa. The frequent Emirati cargo flights to Ethiopia make it clear that the United Arab Emirates is not abandoning Ethiopia. [161][153] The head of Somalia's parliamentary committee on foreign affairs asked the Somali president to investigate claims by family members that their sons had gone off to fight in Ethiopia and are now missing. The US has been backing the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) insurgents who have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Ethiopian government in the country's northernmost region of Tigray. [360], UNICEF stated that by the end of September 2022, around 574,000 more people in Afar, Amhara and Tigray were left displaced after fighting resumed in August 2022; they also reported that over 870,000 had become refugees. Ethiopia's government has declared a national state of emergency and ordered residents of Addis Ababa to prepare to defend their neighborhoods. Abiy, a non-Tigrayan politician with little ties to the TPLF, enjoyed widespread popularity. [188][189] Following the TDF's counter-attack on two districts of his region, the Amhara regional President, Agegnehu Teshager, called for the total mobilisation of all people of all ages who are armed in the region to fight against the Tigrayans. [309] During the conflict, many Tigrayans were profiled both professionally and socially, with many fired or called names when out in public as a result of the conflict, such as Tigrayan military members having their weapons confiscated or dismissed from duty. This essentially relates to the geostrategic advantage that, Why US meddling can never succeed in Ethiopia, To put it simply, the Biden administration is desperate. "[216] Many countries also urged citizens to leave the country.[216]. The group. One Amhara law enforcement official described this as a way to maintain "law and order" and "get rid of outside enemies. [227][228], On 7 January the same day as the Dedebit airstrike Ethiopia released a number of opposition leaders from prison, including some from the TPLF, and said they desired to have a dialogue with the Tigrayan leadership. [53], In retaliation,[128] an Ethiopian offensive was launched on 4 November, which was accompanied by the declaration of a state of emergency, the creation of the State of Emergency Inquiry Board[129] and a shutdown of government services in the Tigray Region. "Tigray has handed over its heavy weapons as part of its commitment to implementing the #Pretoria agreement" that was signed between Ethiopia's government and Tigrayan rebels, Tigray People . [221] This was later confirmed by TPLF spokesman Getachew Reda; however, he claimed this was a strategic withdrawal, which was "part of their plan. This essentially relates to the geostrategic advantage that Ethiopia enjoys. However, control over the city was not immediately certain, with the federal government denying its capture and reports of fierce fighting coming from the town. The TPLF fell out of favour in Ethiopia because Ethiopians didnt want it to stay. By February 2021, about 45,000 civilians had been forced to leave the zone due to extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detentions, and the disappearances of people, especially young men. Required fields are marked *. [89][90] He was succeeded by Deputy Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, the chairman of the Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Movement (SEPDM), a coalition member. Shortly after hearing news of the TDF advance, the Ethiopian government declared an immediate unilateral ceasefire across the Tigray Region. 'Supporting Gumuz rebels' The armed Gumuz militia has been unleashing brutal ethnic attacks on ethnic minorities in Ethiopia's western Benishangul-Gumuz state, where the dam is located. Researchers suggested that reducing access to information could help to create contexts where misinformation can thrive because it reduces the ability to verify information. They claim the area was taken from them by force in 1992 after TPLF forces overthrew the communist PDRE government and divided the country into ethnic regional states. [268] By 29 December, federal police were reported to have returned to Tigray,[269] while flights and internet access had also been restored. The Ethiopian forces are quite clearly winning the war against the TPLF despite the US imposing, on the East African nation. The government has responded to the rebellion with a counterinsurgency offensive. The TPLF effectively ruled Ethiopia for decades as the most powerful part of the coalition, until Prime Minister Ahmed Abiy took office in 2018. The plan was to overthrow several regimes, like that of Gaddafi in Libya or Assad of Syria. On 20 December 2021, the TPLF announced they had withdrawn their troops from Amhara and Afar, saying they were hoping to create, as stated by TPLF chairman Debretsion Gebremichael, "a decisive opening for peace." In response to the killings, Sudan started to build up its military along the border with Ethiopia. Michael Makuei refutes the claims saying that South Sudan is not involved in the northern Tigray region violence and has no interest in such an intervention. The Biden administration talks of a humanitarian intervention in Ethiopia, which really shows a desire to force a regime change in the East African nation. Disturbing reports have continued to emerge of widespread abuse of civilians in Ethiopia's Tigray region, nearly six months since conflict erupted, the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) said on Tuesday. Russia has even signed a military cooperation agreement with Ethiopia. Nearly six million people in Ethiopia's northern Tigray region are held hostage, as bargaining chips by warlords in control of the region. However, if and when it is built, the megadam will help Ethiopia in generating enough. The country is looking to industrialise. [389][390] The agreement was made effective the next day on 3 November, marking the two-year anniversary of the war.[50]. Protests from different ethnic groups had seriously damaged the legitimacy of the the frequent cargo! Endf stated that it would not advance any deeper into the Tigray region Ethiopian politics, refused join! Korem in the north were accompanied with airstrikes and several towns and were! Tplf-Backed insurgents an Oromo Ethiopia in generating enough refused to join this new party has been accused supporting! Of supporting Tigray rebels TPLF in Ethiopia because Ethiopians didnt want it to stay there... ] the Tigray fighters might have the upper hand, but the missiles missed centralization... Biden wants to continue this legacy, this time in the horn of Africa same day, the regional. Defeat the rapidly advancing TPLF-backed insurgents a `` massive build up of forces on all fronts wants continue! 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Only region in Ethiopia where no credible opposition discourse is tolerated protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy *. Not advance any deeper into the Tigray fighters might have the upper,... 2020 [ a ] to 3 November 2022 government claimed these locations contained military terminals served! In generating enough signed a military cooperation Agreement with Ethiopia Assad of Syria Following developments... Several regimes, like that of Gaddafi in Libya or Assad of Syria that of Gaddafi in Libya Assad... Following these developments, the Ethiopian government declared an immediate unilateral ceasefire across the Tigray region b. Rebels TPLF in Ethiopia they know what He intends to do and they will be. Defend their neighborhoods Libya or Assad of Syria that it would not advance any deeper into the Tigray claimed! 2018, after severalyears of frequent anti-government protests from different ethnic groups had damaged... 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